Analysis correlates the rise and spread of rice cultivation in South China with the spread of the allele. The rs671 allele is native to East Asia and most common in southeastern China.
According to the analysis by HapMap project, 30% to 50% of people of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ancestry have at least one ALDH2*2 allele, while it is rare among Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Genotype frequency distribution of ALDH2 (rs671).Īround 30–50% of East Asians carry the mitochondrial rs671 (ALDH2*2) allele, which results in a less functional acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, responsible for the breakdown of acetaldehyde, and accounts for most incidents of alcohol flush reaction worldwide.
The condition may be also highly prevalent in some Southeast Asian and Inuit populations. Heat flush is common in East Asians, with approximately 30 to 50% of Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans showing characteristic physiological responses to drinking alcohol that includes facial flushing, nausea, headaches and a fast heart rate. However, it has also been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer in those who do drink. This syndrome has been associated with lower than average rates of alcoholism, possibly due to its association with adverse effects after drinking alcohol. The reaction is the result of an accumulation of acetaldehyde, a metabolic byproduct of the catabolic metabolism of alcohol, and is caused by an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency. Īlcohol flush reaction is a condition in which a person develops flushes or blotches associated with erythema on the face, neck, shoulders, and in some cases, the entire body after consuming alcoholic beverages.
A 22-year-old East Asian man who is ALDH2 heterozygote showing the reaction. Before (left) and after (right) drinking alcohol. Asian flush syndrome, Asian flush reaction, Asian glow, Asian red face glowįacial flushing.
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